-
1 договор о дружбе
-
2 договор о дружбе
дружба, которой необходимо дорожить — valuable friendship
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > договор о дружбе
-
3 Freundschaftsvertrag
m friendship treaty* * *Freund|schafts|ver|tragm (POL)treaty of friendship* * *Freund·schafts·ver·tragm POL treaty of friendship* * ** * *Freundschaftsvertrag m friendship treaty* * * -
4 trakta|t
m (G traktatu) 1. Polit., Prawo (umowa) treaty- traktat między Polską a Niemcami a treaty between Poland and Germany- traktat handlowy/pokojowy a commercial/peace treaty- traktat międzynarodowy an international treaty- traktat o przyjaźni a treaty of friendship, a friendship treaty- odnowić/podpisać traktat to renew/sign a treaty- zawrzeć traktat (z kimś) to conclude a. make a. enter into a treaty (with sb)- zerwać traktat to break a treaty- na mocy traktatu z Maastricht under (the terms of) the Maastricht Treaty2. Nauk. (dzieło naukowe, rozprawa) treatise- traktat filozoficzny/historyczny/teologiczny a philosophical/historical/theological treatise- traktat poetycki a poetic treatise, a treatise on poetry- napisać traktat o malarstwie to write a treatise on painting- □ traktat wersalski Hist. the Treaty of VersaillesThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > trakta|t
-
5 дружба
ж.friendship ['fre-]; amity книжн.быть в дру́жбе, води́ть дру́жбу с кем-л — be friends with smb
те́сная дру́жба — close [-s] / intimate friendship
дру́жба ме́жду наро́дами — international friendship; ( при указании конкретных народов) friendship between the peoples (of)
догово́р о дру́жбе полит. — friendship treaty
••не в слу́жбу, а в дру́жбу погов. — ≈ out of friendship; as a favour
дру́жба дру́жбой, а слу́жба слу́жбой — business and friendship don't mix
-
6 vennskapspakt
subst. friendship treaty, pact of friendship -
7 договор о дружбе
дружба, длившаяся всю жизнь — lifelong friendship
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > договор о дружбе
-
8 договор о дружбе и взаимопомощи
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > договор о дружбе и взаимопомощи
-
9 договор о дружбе
-
10 ystävyyssopimus
• treaty of friendship -
11 договор о дружбе
-
12 договор о дружбе и взаимопомощи
Русско-английский военный словарь > договор о дружбе и взаимопомощи
-
13 договор о дружбе
-
14 договор о дружбе
-
15 Договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве
Treaty of friendship, good neighborliness and cooperationРусско-английский синонимический словарь > Договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве
-
16 договор о дружбе
Русско-Английский новый экономический словарь > договор о дружбе
-
17 договор о дружбе, союзе и взаимной помощи
treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistanceРусско-английский справочник переводчика-международника > договор о дружбе, союзе и взаимной помощи
-
18 договор
1) (между государствами) treaty, pact, convention; accord амер.аннулировать договор — to abrogate / to cancel / to rescind / to repudiate a treaty
вступить в переговоры с целью адаптации договора к новым условиям — to negotiate the adaptation of a treaty to new conditions
выполнять договор — to implement / to observe / to abide by a treaty
завершить / закончить работу по составлению договора — to complete / to consummate a treaty
заключить договор — to conclude / to effect / to make / to enter into / to sign a treaty
заключить договор на ограниченный период времени — to conclude a treaty for a limited period of time
зарегистрировать / регистрировать договор — to register a treaty
зарегистрировать договор в Секретариате Организации Объединённых Наций — to register the treaty with the Secretariat of the United Nations
навязать кабальный / неравноправный договор — to impose an enslaving / inequal treaty (on, upon)
нарушить договор — to transgress / to violate a treaty; to break / to infringe a contract
представить договор для одобрения / утверждения — to submit a treaty for approval
придавать обязывающую силу договору, сделать договор обязывающим — to impart the binding force to a treaty, to make a treaty binding
признать договор недействительным — to declare a treaty invalid / null / void
присоединиться к договору (уже вступившему в силу) — to accede to / to join / to adhere to a treaty, to become a party to a treaty
пролонгировать договор, продлить действие договора — to prolong a treaty
ратифицировать договор — to confirm / to ratify a treaty
договор не может быть ратифицирован лишь в какой-л. части — the treaty cannot be ratified in part
договоры несовместимы друг с другом — the treaties are inconsistent with each other; договор остаётся в действии / в силе the treaty continues in operation
договор предусматривает, что... — the treaty stipulates that..
договор, срок которого истёк — the treaty which has expired
бессрочный договор — treaty for an indefinite term, permanent / undated treaty
военный договор — military agreement / treaty
гарантийный договор — contract of indemnity, guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee
дружественный договор между отдельными лицами / партиями / правительствами — concordat
локальный / локализованный договор — localized treaty
мирный договор — peace treaty, treaty of peace
многосторонний договор о контроле над вооружением и разоружении — multilateral treaty on arms control and disarmament
многосторонний сбалансированный и полностью контролируемый договор — multilateral balanced and fully verified treaty
неравноправный договор — inequitable / unequal treaty
открытый договор, договор, открытый для подписания — open treaty
равноправный договор — equitable / nondiscriminatory treaty
ранее существовавший договор — former / pre-existing treaty
секретный / тайный договор — secret covenant / treaty
союзный договор — treaty of alliance / union
торговый договор — trade / commercial treaty
трёхсторонний договор — triangular / trilateral / tripartite treaty
устный договор — parol / oral treaty
аннулирование договора — abrogation / cancellation of a treaty
в соответствии с буквой и духом договора — in accordance / on compliance with the letter and spirit of the treaty
вступление договора в силу — entry into force of a treaty, coming of a treaty into force
выполнение договора — execution / fulfilment / implementation of a treaty
добросовестное выполнение договора — fulfilment / implementation of a treaty in good faith
обеспечить полное выполнение всех положений и пониманий договора — to achieve the full implementation of all the provisions and understandings of the treaty
проверять выполнение договора — to check up on one's compliance with the treaty, to review the operation of the treaty
проверка выполнения договора — verification / review of a treaty
средства, обеспечивающие выполнение договора — means to secure the performance of a treaty
выход из договора — pull-out / withdrawal from a treaty
выход из договора / отказ от договора с уведомлением — withdrawal from a treaty with notice
действие договора — effect / operation of a treaty
прекратить действие договора — to terminate (the operation of) a treaty, to bring a treaty to an end
прекращение действия договора с согласия участников — termination of a treaty by consent of the parties
прекращение действия договора (вследствие истечения его срока или в результате возникновения определённого оговорённого условия) — expiration of a treaty
продлить срок действия договора — to prolong the time of operation of a treaty, to extend a treaty
основание для оспаривания действительности договора — ground for impeaching the validity of a treaty
денонсация / денонсирование договора — denunciation of a treaty
договоры государств-участников, заключённые до создания сообщества с третьими странами — pre-community treaties of member-states with third countries
договоры, заключённые до получения независимости — pre-independence treaties
договор, заключённый страной пребывания — treaty concluded by the country of residence
договор, запрещающий все испытания ядерного оружия — treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests
договор, который не предусматривает денонсации или отказа — the treaty which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal
договор, не имеющий законной силы — invalid treaty
договор, не направленный против третьей стороны — nondiscriminatory treaty
договор, не требующий особых законодательных мероприятий — self-executing treaty
договор безопасности — security treaty / pact
"Д. о взаимном неприменении силы и поддержании отношений мира между государствами" — "Treaty on Mutual Non-Use of Force and Maintenance of Peaceful Relations among States"
договор о взаимопомощи — treaty of mutual assistance, mutual assistance pact
договор о всеобъемлющем запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия — comprehensive test ban treaty (CTB treaty)
договор о выдаче преступника — extradition treaty, treaty of extradition
договор о гарантиях — guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee
договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве — treaty of friendship, neigh-bourliness and cooperation
договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимопомощи — treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance
"Д. о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия в атмосфере, в космическом пространстве и под водой" — "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water"
договор о запрещении подземных испытаний ядерного оружия — treaty banning underground nuclear-weapon tests
договор о зоне, свободной от ядерного оружия — nuclear-weapon-free-zone treaty
договор о мире, дружбе и сотрудничестве — treaty of peace, friendship and cooperation
договор о нейтралитете — treaty of neutrality, neutrality treaty
договор о ненападении — nonaggression pact / treaty
договор о торговле и судоходстве / мореплавании — treaty of / on commerce and navigation
Договор об обычных вооружённых силах в Европе — Agreement on Conventional Forces in Europe, CFE
Договор об ограничении стратегических вооружений / ОСВ — Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT
договор, открытый для присоединения третьих государств — treaty opened to accession of third states
договор по противоракетной обороне, ПРО — Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM treaty)
не выходить из договора по ПРО в течение согласованного времени — not to withdraw from the ABM treaty for a specified period of time
Договор по ракетам средней и меньшей дальности, РСМД — Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles
договор, подлежащий выполнению в будущем — executory treaty
договор, предусматривающий аналогичные / равные / одинаковые привилегии — treaty providing for reciprocal privileges
договор, принятый в рамках международной организации — treaty adopted within an international organization
договор с внесённой / внесёнными в него поправкой / поправками — treaty as amended
договоры, устанавливающие свободу судоходства на международных водных путях или реках — treaties according freedom of navigation in international waterways or rivers
договор, устаревший в силу тех или иных событий — treaty outmoded by events
заключение договора — conclusion / formation of a treaty, treaty-making
исполнение договора — execution of a treaty / contract
нарушение договора — breach / infringement / violation of a treaty
грубое нарушение договора — gross / flagrant violation of a treaty
несоблюдение договора — noncompliance with / nonobservance of a treaty
быть несовместимым с объектом / целями договора — to be incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty
обязательная сила / обязательность договоров — binding / obligatory force / obligation of treaties
отказ от договора — repudiation / renunciation of a treaty
полный свод договоров, заключённых страной пребывания — complete set of treaties concluded by the country of residence
поправка к договору — amendment to a treaty, amending clause
порядок / система размещения материала в договоре — arrangement of a treaty
продление / пролонгация договора — clause of a treaty
спорные пункты договора — controversial provisions of a treaty, contentious clauses in a treaty
стороны, подписавшие договор — parties to a treaty
сторона, связанная договором — party bound by a treaty
разработать текст договора — to draft / to frame the text of a treaty
расположение / структура текста договора — arrangement of the text of a treaty
условия договора — stipulations / terms of a treaty
контролировать выполнение условий договора — to supervise the observance of the treaty provisions / terms
со всеми вытекающими из договора правилами и обязанностями — with all the rights and duties arising from the treaty
2) (соглашение, контракт) agreement, contract, concord -
19 kündigen
I v/i dem Arbeitgeber: hand ( oder give) in one’s notice, dem Vermieter: give notice ( bei to; zum for); jemandem kündigen einem Arbeitnehmer: give s.o. notice (Brit. umg. the sack, Am. umg. his [oder her] pink slip); einem Mieter: give s.o. (his etc.) notice (to quit)II v/t (Vertrag etc.) cancel; formell: terminate; (Anleihe, Geldeinlage etc.) call in; er hat uns die Wohnung gekündigt he’s given us notice ( oder told us we have) to leave the flat (Am. apartment); wir haben die Wohnung gekündigt (we’ve given notice that) we’re moving out of the flat (Am. apartment); jemandem die Stellung kündigen altm. dismiss s.o.; sie ist gekündigt worden umg., seitens des Arbeitgebers: she’s been given the sack (Am. been given her pink slip); jemandem die Freundschaft kündigen umg., fig. end a friendship with s.o.* * *to dismiss; to sack; to give notice* * *kụ̈n|di|gen ['kʏndɪgn]1. vtStellung to hand in one's notice for; Abonnement, Mitgliedschaft, Kredite to cancel, to discontinue, to terminate; Vertrag to terminate; Tarife to discontinue; Hypothek (Bank) to foreclose (on); (Hausbesitzer) to terminate; (Aus) Person to sack (inf), to fire (inf), to dismissjdm die Wohnung kündigen, jdn aus einer Wohnung kündigen (Aus) — to give sb notice to quit his/her flat (Brit) or to vacate his/her apartment (US)
ich habe meine Wohnung gekündigt — I've given in (my) notice that I'm leaving my flat (Brit) or apartment, I've given in my notice for my flat (Brit) or apartment
jdm die Stellung kündigen — to give sb his/her notice
ihm wurde sein Kredit gekündigt — his credit was cancelled (Brit) or canceled (US) or withdrawn
jdm die Freundschaft kündigen — to break off a friendship with sb
2. vi(Arbeitnehmer) to hand or give in one's notice; (Mieter) to give in one's notice, to give noticejdm kündigen (Arbeitgeber) — to give sb his/her notice, to dismiss sb; (Arbeitnehmer) to hand or give in one's notice to sb; (Vermieter) to give sb notice to quit (Brit) or to vacate his apartment (US); (Mieter) to give in one's notice to sb
zum 1. April kündigen — to give or hand in one's notice for April 1st; (Mieter) to give notice for or give in one's notice for April 1st; (bei Mitgliedschaft) to cancel one's membership as of April 1st
ihm ist zum 1. Februar gekündigt worden — he's been given his notice for February 1st or as from February 1st; (bei Wohnung) he's been given notice to quit (Brit) or to vacate his apartment (US) for February 1st
ich kann nur mit Monatsfrist kündigen — I have to give a clear (Brit) or one month's notice
bei jdm/einer Firma kündigen — to give or hand in one's notice to sb/a firm
* * *kün·di·gen[ˈkʏndɪgn̩]I. vt1. (Arbeitsverhältnis vorschriftsmäßig beenden)▪ etw \kündigen to hand in one's notice, to quitseine Arbeit/seinen Job/seine Stelle \kündigen to hand in one's notice2. (die Aufhebung von etw anzeigen) to cancel, to terminate▪ [jdm] etw \kündigen to give [sb] notice of cancellation with regards to sthZeitschriftenabonnements können nur mit einer Frist von drei Monaten gekündigt werden magazine subscriptions can only be cancelled by giving three months noticeetw unter Einhaltung der Frist \kündigen to cancel sth by observing the period of noticeich habe der Vermieterin die Wohnung gekündigt I've given the landlady notice that I'm vacating [the flat]3. FIN▪ [jdm] etw \kündigen to give [sb] notice of withdrawal of sthich habe erst mal 4.000 Euro von meinem Sparbuch gekündigt I've given notice to withdraw 4,000 euros from my savings bookjdm den Kredit \kündigen to discontinue sb's credit4. (die Entlassung ankündigen)jdn fristlos \kündigen to dismiss sb instantlylaut Vertrag kann man sie nur mit einer Frist von sechs Monaten \kündigen according to the contract she has to be given six months noticeII. vi1. (das Ausscheiden ankündigen)▪ [jdm] \kündigen to hand in one's notice [to sb]sie hat ihrem Arbeitgeber gekündigt she handed in her notice to her employer▪ bei jdm \kündigen to give sb one's notice3. JUR▪ jdm \kündigen to give sb notice to quitdie Vermieterin hat mir gekündigt the landlady gave me notice to quitdenke daran, dass du dem Vermieter mit Dreimonatsfrist \kündigen musst don't forget you have to give the landlord three months notice* * *1.transitives Verb call in, cancel < loan>; foreclose < mortgage>; cancel, discontinue <magazine subscription, membership>; terminate <contract, agreement>; denounce < treaty>seine Stellung kündigen — give in or hand in one's notice ( bei to)
ich bin gekündigt worden — (ugs.) I've been given my notice
der Vermieter hat ihm die Wohnung gekündigt — the landlord gave him notice to quit the flat (Brit.) or (Amer.) apartment
er hat seine Wohnung gekündigt — he's given notice that he's leaving his flat (Brit.) or (Amer.) apartment
2.jemandem die Freundschaft kündigen — (fig.) break off a friendship with somebody
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verbjemandem kündigen — < landlord> give somebody notice to quit
zum 1. Juli kündigen — give notice for 1 July
jemandem kündigen — < employer> give somebody his/her notice
* * *bei to;zum for);jemandem kündigen einem Arbeitnehmer: give sb notice (Br umg the sack, US umg his [ oder her] pink slip); einem Mieter: give sb (his etc) notice (to quit)er hat uns die Wohnung gekündigt he’s given us notice ( oder told us we have) to leave the flat (US apartment);wir haben die Wohnung gekündigt (we’ve given notice that) we’re moving out of the flat (US apartment);jemandem die Stellung kündigen obs dismiss sb;sie ist gekündigt worden umg, seitens des Arbeitgebers: she’s been given the sack (US been given her pink slip);jemandem die Freundschaft kündigen umg, fig end a friendship with sb* * *1.transitives Verb call in, cancel < loan>; foreclose < mortgage>; cancel, discontinue <magazine subscription, membership>; terminate <contract, agreement>; denounce < treaty>seine Stellung kündigen — give in or hand in one's notice ( bei to)
ich bin gekündigt worden — (ugs.) I've been given my notice
der Vermieter hat ihm die Wohnung gekündigt — the landlord gave him notice to quit the flat (Brit.) or (Amer.) apartment
er hat seine Wohnung gekündigt — he's given notice that he's leaving his flat (Brit.) or (Amer.) apartment
2.jemandem die Freundschaft kündigen — (fig.) break off a friendship with somebody
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb1) (ein Mietverhältnis beenden) < tenant> give notice [that one is leaving]jemandem kündigen — < landlord> give somebody notice to quit
zum 1. Juli kündigen — give notice for 1 July
jemandem kündigen — < employer> give somebody his/her notice
* * *v.to abrogate v.to cancel v.to give notice (to quit) expr.to terminate v. -
20 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.
См. также в других словарях:
Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty — The Nihongo|Anglo Japanese Friendship Treaty|日英和親条約|Nichi Ei Washin Jōyaku between Britain and Japan was signed October 14 1854 in Nagasaki. The United Kingdom was represented by Admiral Sir James Stirling, with the governors of Nagasaki… … Wikipedia
German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty — The German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty was a treaty signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 28 1939 after jointly invading Poland. It was signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, the foreign ministers… … Wikipedia
Treaty of Shimonoseki — Japan China Peace Treaty, or Treaty of Shimonoseki , 17 April 1895. The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関条約, Shimonoseki Jōyaku ), known as the Treaty of Maguan (simplified Chinese: 马关条约; traditional Chinese: 馬關條約; pinyin … Wikipedia
Treaty of Friendship — The Treaty of Friendship is a common generic name for any treaty establishing close ties between countries. For example: * 2001 Sino Russian Treaty of Friendship * Élysée Treaty (aka Treaty of Friendship, 1963, France Germany) * * Moroccan… … Wikipedia
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina — The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina (Spanish: Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1984 entre Chile y Argentina, see the text in the [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/TREATIES/CHL ARG1984PF.PDF … Wikipedia
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan — Japan US Treaty of Mutual Security and Cooperation, 19 January 1960. United States Japan Security Treaty Type Military Alliance Signed 19 January … Wikipedia
Treaty of Shimoda — The Treaty of Shimoda of 1855 was signed between the Russian Vice Admiral Euphimy Vasil evich Putiatin and Toshiakira Kawaji of Japan in the city of Shimoda, Izu Province, Japan, on February 7, 1855. It marked the start of official relations… … Wikipedia
Treaty of Kars — Infobox Treaty name = Treaty of Kars long name = image width = 300px caption = The frontier established in the Treaty of Kars type = Peace Treaty date drafted = date signed = October 23, 1921 location signed = Kars, Turkey date sealed = date… … Wikipedia
Treaty of Moscow (1921) — The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Bolshevist Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, signed on 16… … Wikipedia
Treaty of Moscow — The Treaty of Moscow may refer to: Treaty of Moscow (1920), a treaty of non aggression between Soviet Russia and Georgia Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty (1920) also known as Moscow Peace Treaty, a treaty between the Soviet Russia and Lithuania… … Wikipedia
Treaty Oak (Jacksonville, Florida) — Treaty Oak is an octopus like Southern live oak ( Quercus virginiana ) in Jacksonville, Florida. The name s origin is believed to be related to some local apocryphal stories about peace accords between Native Americans and Spanish or American… … Wikipedia